veloflyte wrote:
4x on a 28 hole wheel would seem to be too extreme. The optimal orientation is for the spoke to be exiting the flange perpendicular to an imaginary line crossing the center of the hub and the center of the specific spoke hole used.
Hi veloflyte, yes you are right ... I have been reading everyones posts and this article ...
http://www.troubleshooters.com/bicycles/wheelbuilding/index.htm#_Install_the_First_Two_or_Three_SpokesSorry, the following is just a summary ramble of what I have learnt thus far ... wrote:
It would appear, depending on hub dia, that a 28H 4x lacing would result in the spokes having a greater than tangential flange departure. It would appear that even though a tangential flange departure (3x, 4x, or even 5x) is the excellent for transmitting power/torque (torsional stiffness), or when braking with a Disc/Hub brake, it isn't as good for supporting weight or taking bumps. It would appear that it's usually best that spoke flange departure is less than tangential (more perpendicular), especially as tangential departure will bring a spoke very close to the head of the first spoke it crosses, which can create problems such as premature spoke wear (breakage) due to the friction created by spoke/spoke head contact.
It would appear that to get a strong and stiff wheel spoke interlacing is required, and this is where 2x/3x/4x improve, re supporting weight or taking bumps, as the wheel becomes less like a spoked wheel and more like a solid one. It would appear that interlacing reduces spoke friction where spoke friction consumes energy, causes spoke breakage due friction and fatigue, and theoretically makes your wheel slower. This is why the low NDS tension is an issue, where some have resorted to tieing spokes together at the cross, although this won't completely prevent spoke flex.
It would appear that to build an acceptably strong/stiff wheel, that DS/NDS bracing angle should be at least 10 degrees ...
It would appear that less spoke flex/friction is achieved by using higher spoke tensions, which requires stronger Rims, Spokes, Nipples, and Hub Flanges to be used. This is also achieved through spoke interlacing, which is a safer and more durable option than using high spoke tensions. Downside of Interlacing is that it requires more spokes to used and as such will produce a heavier wheel. Spokes such as Sapim Laser/CX-Ray, MAC 424/360, DT AeroLite, Pillar Bladed, etc help with the weight penalty and the higher spoke tensions ...
It would appear that DS/NDS spoke tension do not need to be equal, although better Lateral Stiffness is achieved if they are equal. For Dished Wheels, flange spacing appears to help with DS/NDS spoke tensions, as does 20:10 4xDS 0xNDS, 18:9 3xDS 0xNDS, 16:8 2xDS 0xNDS, 2:1 Triplet 2xDS 0xNDS, 4xDS 2xNDS, 2xDS 3xNDS, 0xDS 1xNDS or 2xNDS lacings ...
It would appear that Radial stiffness is achieved though 2x/3x/4x interlaced lacing patterns, Rim strength, and Spoke tension. The reason 1x is not much stronger than 0x is because it cannot be interlaced and is probably only used because the hub flanges are not strong enough for radial lacing or it perhaps assists a little with more even spoke tensions ...
I have probably missed quite alot, but does this sound right ...