I grew up close to where you live now. I assume you work in Den Helder, so you ride past the "Hondsbosche Zeewering"? Now you probably have a higher tolerance for trafic than I do, but if you want to ride decent mileage I have some tips.
First find the "Westfriese Dijk" It starts on the other side of the canal. Cross at Schoorldam. And just follow it, it's one of the best way t see "De Noordkop". A dutch site with the map:
http://www.omringdijk.nl/node/423" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false; . Note that a lot of the "towns" at that map are town in a sense of three houses, a church and a bar
General notes:
South from where you live you ride into Bergen, Egmond etc. It's pretty urban. You can take the coastal roads which are fine now, but hella crowded in the summer.
Southeast are pretty heavy urban areas. From Zaandam in the South up to Heerhugowaard above Alkmaar is pretty grown together. It can be confusing to get out of it.
Straight to the east past the urban stretch you hit the Beemster and can go on to Hoorn/Enkhuizen. That's a pretty nice ride with decent views (see the above comment about the Westfriese dijk).
North towards Den Helder is okayish if you stick to the sea/dunes, but otherwise it's pretty dull.
Northeast past Schagen you hit a similar dull part (The Wieringermeer).
If you want more varied scenery you need to go southeast past Amsterdam, towards Hilversum and further on towards the Veluwe. Considering that you live quite far from a train station I guess you would need to load up your bike in a car and just drive there.
And for bragging rights: Real men do the IJselmeer roundtrip in one day. Wave your wife and kids goodbye, as you will be gone for the day. Wise men take a friend to accompany them