Dust could be from the brake pads. Depends on the compound. Zipp gray pads tend to shred relatively quickly (a trade off I believe for the very good performance). Always have some dust after a long ride.
As others have said, the best way to extend the life span of carbon wheels is to get a set of foul weather wheels.
Extending the life span of carbon wheels?
Moderator: robbosmans
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I put about 20K miles on my set of Reynolds DV46's. Brake track looked fine when I sold them. I think some are overthinking this.
What do people think about Roval CL40s? I often see take-offs or low mileage examples for $800/set. Because the hubs are DT Swiss based, I can easily fit a Campy freehub.